'Áø»ó Å×½ºÆ®'(Asshole tests)¶ó´Â °Ô ÀÖ´Ù. °°Àº Á÷ÀåÀÇ ´©±º°¡°¡ 'Áø»ó'ÀÎÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °¡·Á³»´Â Å×½ºÆ®´Ù. ¾óÇÍ µè±â¿£ ÀúÀã°Å¸®¿¡¼ Àå³½º·¹ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Å×½ºÆ® °°´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹Ì±¹ ¼ºÎ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¸í¹® ½ºÅÄÆÛµå´ë °æ¿µ´ëÇпøÀÇ ·Î¹öÆ® ¼Æ°(Robert I. Sutton) ±³¼ö°¡ Á÷Á¢ °í¾ÈÇس½ Å×½ºÆ®´Ù.
½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î Ã¥µµ ½è´Ù. Ã¥ Á¦¸ñÀº 'Áø»ó ¹æÁö¹ý'(The No Asshole Rule). ºÎÁ¦´Â '±³¾çÀÖ´Â Á÷Àå ¸¸µé±â, ±×¸®°í ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ Á÷Àå¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ³²±â'´Ù. 2007³â ¹Ì±¹ °æ¿µÇа踦 µÚÁý¾î ³õÀº º£½ºÆ®¼¿·¯´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼± '¶Ç¶óÀÌ Á¦·Î Á¶Á÷'À̶õ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÅ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.
Å×½ºÆ®´Â °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö Áú¹® ¸ðµÎ¿¡ '¿¹'¶ó°í ´äÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× »ç¶÷Àº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ 'Áø»ó'ÀÌ´Ù. ù¹ø° Áú¹®Àº "±× »ç¶÷À» »ó´ëÇÑ µÚ ¾Ð¹ÚÀ̳ª ¸ð¿å°¨À» ´À³¢´Â°¡?"(After encountering the person, do people feel oppressed, humiliated?)ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° Áú¹®Àº "±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÁÖ·Î Àڽź¸´Ù ¾àÇÑ »ç¶÷À» Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î »ï´Â°¡?"(Does the person target people who are less powerful than him/her?)ÀÌ´Ù.
ƯÈ÷ ´«±æÀ» ²ô´Â °Ç µÎ¹ø° Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 'Áø»ó'µéÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ °øÅëÁ¡À» Á¤È®È÷ ²ç¶Õ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇѸ¶µð·Î °ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾àÇÏ°í, ¾àÇÑ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô °ÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¼Æ° ±³¼ö¿¡ µû¸£¸é Á÷Àå¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ' °¡¿îµ¥ Á÷¼Ó»ó°ü µî À»ç¶÷À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ´Ü 1%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é ºÎÇÏÁ÷¿ø ¶Ç´Â ÈĹ谡 Èñ»ý¾çÀÌ µÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ÃÖ°í 80%¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â µ¿·áµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
¿©±â¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'¶õ ¡â¿å¼³ µî ¸ð¿åÀûÀÎ ¾ðÇà(Insults) ¡â¼ºÃßÇà µî ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ½Åü Á¢ÃË(Unsolicited touching) ¡âÀ§Çù ¶Ç´Â Çù¹Ú(Threats) ¡âºóÁ¤´ë±â(Sarcasm)¡ââÇÇÁÖ±â(Humiliation) µîÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·± 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ºóµµ´Â ¾î¶³±î? ¼Æ° ±³¼ö¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ 800¸íÀÇ Á÷ÀåÀÎÀ» »ó´ë·Î ÇÑ ¼³¹®Á¶»ç¿¡¼ 20%°¡ "ÀÏÁÖÀÏ¿¡ Àû¾îµµ Çѹø ÀÌ»ó Á÷Àå¿¡¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'ÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀԴ´Ù"°í ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù. ¶Ç 10%°¡ "¸ÅÀÏ Á÷Àå¿¡¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'¸¦ ¸ñ°ÝÇÑ´Ù"°í ´äÇß´Ù.
Á» ´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ(?) °á°úµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ij³ª´Ù¿¡¼ 216¸íÀÇ ÈÀÌÆ®Ä÷¯ Á÷ÀåÀεéÀ» »ó´ë·Î Á¶»çÇÑ °á°ú, ¹«·Á 50%°¡ "ÀÏÁÖÀÏ¿¡ Àû¾îµµ Çѹø ÀÌ»ó Á÷Àå¿¡¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'ÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀԴ´Ù"°í Çß´Ù. ¶Ç ¾à 25%°¡ "¸ÅÀÏ Á÷Àå¿¡¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'¸¦ ¸ñ°ÝÇÑ´Ù"°í ÀÀ´äÇß´Ù. È£ÁÖ¿¡¼´Â Á¶»ç ´ë»ó Á÷ÀåÀÎÀÇ 31%°¡ ÀÏ»óÀûÀ¸·Î '¾ð¾îÀû Çдë'¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ÀÌÂëµÇ¸é 'Á÷Àå'Àº 'ÀüÀïÅÍ' Á¤µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 'Áö¿Á'¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù.
'°¨Á¤Àû ÇÇÇдë'°¡ ÀæÀº À̸¥¹Ù '°¨Á¤ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ'·Î´Â Ç×°ø±â ½Â¹«¿ø, Äݼ¾ÅÍ Á÷¿ø, ÀºÇà ÅÚ·¯ µîÀÌ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ´ë°³´Â °í°´ÀÌ °¡ÇØÀÚÀÌÁö¸¸, ¶§·Ð »ó»ç°¡ ÇдëÀÚ°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
´º¿å JKF°øÇ׿¡¼ ½Â¹«¿ø¿¡°Ô Æø¾ðÀ» Æۺ״ °Íµµ ¸ðÀÚ¶ó È°ÁַηΠÇâÇÏ´ø Ç×°ø±â¸¦ µÇµ¹¸®°í ½Â¹«¿ø±îÁö ³»¸®°Ô ÇÑ À̵µ ±× Ç×°ø»çÀÇ ºÎ»çÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÖ´ø ¿À³Ê 3¼¼¿´´Ù. '¶¥Äá', Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô´Â '¸¶Ä«´Ù¹Ì¾Æ'¸¦ ºÀÁö° °Ç³Þ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿´´Ù. ºñ³ ¿©·Ð¿¡ ¹Ð·Á ºÎ»çÀåÁ÷¿¡¼ ¹°·¯³ ±×´Â ±¹Åä±³ÅëºÎÀÇ Á¶»ç±îÁö ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ȸÀåÀÎ ºÎÄ£Àº µþÀ» ´ë½ÅÇØ Á÷Á¢ ³ª¼ ±¹¹Îµé ¾Õ¿¡ »ç°úÇß´Ù. 'Áø»ó'ÀÌ Á÷¿øµéÀÇ Á¤½Å °Ç° »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±â¾÷ À̹ÌÁö¿¡±îÁö Ÿ°ÝÀ» ÀÔÈù »ç·Ê´Ù.
¼Æ° ±³¼ö¿¡ µû¸£¸é Á÷Àå¿¡¼ 'Áø»ó ÇàÅÂ'¸¦ ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â °¡Àå È®½ÇÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ¿¹ 'Áø»ó'À» Á÷Àå¿¡ µé¿©³õÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ »ç¿ì½º¿þ½ºÆ®Ç×°øÀº ÀÔ»ç Áö¿øÀÚ°¡ ¸éÁ¢À» º¸·¯ ¿Ã ¶§ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ»çÀÇ Ç×°ø±â¸¦ Ÿ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±× Áö¿øÀÚ°¡ ½Â¹«¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¹«·ÊÇÏ°Ô ±º´Ù¸é 'Áø»ó'À¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÅ ¸éÁ¢À» º¸±âµµ Àü¿¡ 'ºÒÇÕ°Ý' 󸮵ȴÙ. ¹°·Ð ±× 'Áø»ó'ÀÌ ¿À³Ê 3¼¼¶ó¸é º° ¼ö ¾ø°ÚÁö¸¸ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
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